From the Examiners' Report on the 2003 summer AS examination.

Successful candidates:

Good answers were those where candidates:

- planned their answers which had a clear structure

- developed a consistent argument across their answers with effective linking paragraphs

- discussed and interpreted the key words in a variety of ways

- analysed and explored rather than described and narrated

- devised openings which demonstrated an overview of the argument and then proceeded to build

the "golden chain" of successive points in the argument

Less successful candidates:

Weaker answers had the following characteristics:

- lack of knowledge and understanding of text

- poor examination technique

- problems with expression – spelling, punctuation, paragraphing etc.

- using overlong quotations, or writing out the quotation but failing to use it in the construction of

the argument

- presenting character studies or telling the story, neglecting the text as construct

To turn to the questions and consider them in turn.

Question 7

Successful candidates:

wrote detailed and conceptualised answers which sustained the linking of the themes

maintained a clear focus on "presentation" and Guterson’s technique

looked at the ways Guterson represented how Ishmael was faced throughout with the consequences

of the difficulty of forgiveness

saw how his father and mother epitomised the wisdom of tolerance

noted that the final scene of forgiveness between Kabuo and Carl on Carl’s boat was both intimate

and hidden – also that Carl’s father’s original intentions had been realised

ranged widely through the text

showed secure knowledge and understanding of text using close reference and quotation

expressed themselves clearly and cogently

Less successful candidates:

tended to write about prejudice and racism instead of forgiveness and tolerance

struggled to respond to the terms or listed without analysing

failed to define tolerance – too often equated it with "putting up with" rather than identifying it as an active quality

needed to widen the argument to look at the nature of the tussles between the values and beliefs in the novel

were limited in scope, focusing mainly on forgiveness

described or narrated long parts of the text

wrote in a convoluted way

Question 8

Successful candidates:

looked at the whole novel, ranging widely and using cultural differences and the war selectively

noted that the contexts of war and migration affected them both in harsh yet separate ways, though

Ishmael was the more privileged

explored the development of the relationship from childhood to teenage years to adulthood

adopted other viewpoints than Ishmael’s

saw the relationship as a rite of passage for Ishmael, a structural device to show his gradual

development

traced the reserve of Hatsue from the start of the relationship using Guterson’s subtle pointers;

noting "all of it had been delusion" and recognising that the narration left her feelings more in

doubt

compared the two clam digging episodes – Kabuo and Hatsue, and then Hatsue and Ishmael

developed the links to the weather, nature and the seasons, noting especially that as the snow melts, so Ishmael begins to forgive

linked the justice/injustice of the trial with their relationship, noting that the two cultures were

irreconcilable

claimed that the individualism of western values meant that Hatsue would have to give up her

integrity to continue with Ishmael, but that part of her still cared for him

felt that Hatsue was less naïve than Ishmael, able to see the bigger picture as a result of her

experiences of racism and oppression

saw that she wanted Ishmael to become his father’s son, recognising the goodness of his heart

showed secure knowledge and understanding of the text, using quotation and close reference

Less successful candidates:

simply re-told the basic, early love story with blame attached either to Hatsue or her parents for

Ishmael’s distress

did not recognise the narrative bias or the evidence to the contrary in the extract

failed to use the extract

lacked subtlety and accuracy

often made the mistake of implying that both sets of parents would have been against the

relationship

saw the text from a limited ethnocentric perspective

failed to recognise that what Guterson may have been trying to suggest, more pluralistically, was that the different values attached to the concepts of love and marriage by different cultures and religions were at work here, causing misunderstanding and heartbreak for both Hatsue and Ishmael

struggled with "presentation"

wrote after the fashion of Mills and Boon at the bottom end

offered little textual support

expressed themselves in a convoluted way